Pearson Education Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pearson Education - Case Study Example When the SWOT related perspectives of the company are posited against the STEEPLE - social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legal and ethical - framework of analysis at a macro-environmental level the picture that emerges of the company is essentially a multifaceted business proposition of the current decade (Kallis, Alier & Norgaard, 2009). Pearson Education's SWOT - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats - environment is characterized by a highly competitive external environment of fewer opportunities and more threats as against a highly volatile internal environment of more strengths and equally more weaknesses, the latter arising from competition related phenomena (Clark & Phillips, 2008). Its cultural diversity, organizational culture, supply chain management, employee motivation strategies, modern Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, management structure and style, have contributed in large measure towards this success though as many critics have pointed out the company needs a well defined directional thrust in the current economic and financial turbulence. Articulate business strategy of the company has been responsible for its present achievements in organizational cum corporate objectives though the very direction of the strategy needs a still greater focus on the long term goals rather than the immediate goals (Finlay, 2000). AnalysisPearson Education, proper, as distinct from the Pearson Group is involved in education related activities. These activities can be divided into three broader segments - publishing academic books, publishing non-academic books and education technology related work. Its current operations involving an expansive global network are focused on the North American and European markets (Piercy, 2002). The very strategic perspectives on which the company has evolved have been responsible for its current business strategy. There is a very strong premise on which the company top management has sought to define its growth trajectory. The learning outcomes of this paper would delineate the related aspects of this strategic approach of the company with added emphasis on corporate goals (Mullins, 2005). Changing business strategy of Pearson Education in particular and Pearson Group in general has been responsible for the present revolutionary shift in focus at the company. The underlying principle of this change in business strategy is the successive creation of M&A related synergies through a series of high profile acquisitions and mergers in the recent past (Clarke & Hermens, 2001). This aspect of Pearson Education's organizational behavior requires greater attention because the company has been able to posit itself against competitors with remarkable success due to the positive outcomes related to M&A. The causative elements of this strategic orientation of the company need to be looked at from two different angles. In the first place, Pearson Education is aware of the growing threat of the fast changing technological environment that favors those rivals with technology-based resources. Secondly its own resource base has been expanding at a much faster rate both in diversity and complexity (Davenport, 1994). The latter element includes even

Charles law Essay Example for Free

Charles law Essay Aim: To investigate how the charge on a capacitor is related to the p. d. applied across it by charging the capacitor at a constant rate. Apparatus: o Capacitor (electrolytic type) 500 ? F o Microammeter 100 ? A o Clip component holder o Stop-watch o CRO o Connecting leads Theory: From definition, the capacitor C of a capacitor is found from C = Q/V Where Q is the charge stored on the capacitor and V is the potential difference across it. == Q = CV ==. If a capacitor is charged up at a constant rate, i. e., where I is a constant. Then is also constant. Hence the potential difference across the capacitor increases linearly with time. Procedure 1. The circuit was connected as shown in the figure below. The CRO was set to d. c. and the sensitivity to 1 V/cm. 2. The time base was set to any high value so that a steady horizontal trace is displayed. The trace was shifted to the bottom of the screen. 3. The capacitor was shorted out by connecting a lead across it and adjust the 100 k ? potentiometer for a suitable current, say 80 ? A. 4. Shorting lead was removed and the capacitor will charge up. Note what happens to the microammeter reading and the CRO trace. 5. The procedure was repeated but this time start the stop-watch and continuously adjust the potentiometer to keep the current constant as the capacitor charges up. 6. The times was measured for the CRO trace to move up by 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, etc. These are the times for the p. d. across the capacitor to reach 1V, 2V, 3V, etc. 7. The results was tabulated. Results and discussion. 8 Describe what happens to the microammeter reading and the CRO trace as the capacitor is being charged up. The microammeter reading increase momentarily, then it decrease to zero in a few second. After the capacitor had been completely charged,the CRO trace is a horizontal line, which continuously move up. 9 Tabulate the times for the p. d. across the capacitor to reach 1 V, 2 V, 3 V, etc. as below: P. d. across capacitor Plot a graph of p. d. across the capacitor against time. How is the p. d. related to the time? p. d. is directly proportional to time. 11 Deduce a relationship between the charge on the capacitor and the p. d. across it. From the graph it is found that p. d. is directly proportional to time. Since Q=CV = V=Q/C Therefore if V across the capacitor is directly proportional to t, Q is directly proportional to time as current was constant. Conclusion We can find out that the p. d. across the capacitor is directly proportional to the time needed. Given that the charging current is constant. Sharing. The experiment is much easier than the last one , but we encountered some obstacles in connecting wires , as usual , we messed up positive and negative terminals and couldnt conduct it smoothly. At last, we had to call for help. Suggestion and there may be some personal error , for example counting the time taken for the capacitor be charged to extent value was rather inaccurate. Perhaps, we could conduct the experiment several times and compute out the average value. Reference list http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capacitor http://www. elecsound. cn/Ceramic-Capacitor. htm.

Teaching and Technology Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

Teaching and Technology Technology is ever changing the ways in which we learn. There are many different technologies, but the biggest, and most recent is the very influential computer. Both in and out of the classroom computers impact the education of people around the world. In the beginning of the computer age, there were simple computers (very simple compared to now). The first computers were so big that one of them was the size of an entire room. As technology advanced, the computer became smaller and more popular. The smaller computers became part of everyday life. That is how the personal computer (PC) evolved, and spread thoughout the world. Schools did not have any real need for computers, when the personal computer first came out. Any typing that needed to be done was done on a typewriter. Even if schools did get computers, they did not have any teachers with the knowledge to use them efficiently, let alone teach with on a computer. As computers became ever more popular, and their technology became more important in society, schools began using them in the classrooms. Having on a computer or two in the corner of on a classroom did not necessarily guarantee their successful use. Students may have used them to play games and type, but that was not an effective use of computers. Now, schools are becoming more technologically hip. Computer classes have been brought into schools. Students are usually required to take, at least, basic computer skills training classes. However, as of now, it is not required that high school students take any courses about the Internet and how it works with and for the student. The Internet was started by the United States Department of Defense in 1969 with four hosts: the Unive... ...ieval, in the 1999-2000 school year, 17 percent of the school technology funds went towards teacher training. Although the numbers are rising, teachers need more than just a quick course in technology. They need skills and knowledge, not just a little knowledge. "The Internet is not a panacea for every problem in education. We need to be realistic. But we also must realize that the Internet is a tool that can help us empower every student and elevate each individual to new levels of intellectual capacity and skill. That is the great opportunity of this new technology." 1. http://interact.hpcnet.org/webcommission/ProfessionalDevelopment.htm 2. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5461/paper_1.html (Guillermo E. Pedroni) 3. http://www.ceofrm.org/history.cfm 4. http://interact.hpcnet.org/webcommission/Section_1.htm 5. http://www.rtec.org/nr_tec.html

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

Every man, or woman --to be politically and socially acceptable-- has buried, within himself, beneath centuries of societal norms and restrictions, a dark side, a savage side. When a man is taken out of society, and left to create his own norms, he must rediscover those primordial instincts which have sustained his species since the beginning of its existence. Survival of the fittest, physically and intellectually, cliqued as it may be, is the foundation of these archaic yet prevalent instincts. Persons who dominate one or many through mental or physical prowess develop a sense of superiority. This feeling, if fostered by the environment, and intensified to the extreme, produces a sense of having god-like powers. A man believing himself to be a or the God is seen, by the society from which he was taken out of, as a monster. Since monsters can not be allowed to roam the civilized world, someone must be sent to destroy it. To find the monster, the person selected must take the same pat h as the monster. This path is a journey into one’s own mind, soul, or true-self. The person on this path will never see evil so singularly personified as in the face looking back at him. In taking this path, the person runs the risk of becoming the very thing he is trying to destroy. In Joseph Conrad’s macabre story Heart of Darkness, the protagonist represents the person selected to seek out and destroy the monster. Conrad uses many techniques to bring the reader into the darkness: archetype, symbolism, and foreshadowing. The theme of this classic tale is succinctly made through the words of the western philosopher Nietzsche; when fighting monsters the person fighting should be careful not to become one, and when looking into a void the person must be aware that the void also looks into him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The readers are first introduced to the protagonist, Marlow, as he is being commissioned --by the “Company';-- to hunt down the monster, Kurtz, who is considered by some to be the main character. Marlow, a boat captain, almost nomadic in his need to travel, is also a man of simple morals, simple to the point of religious, the most prevalent commandment seen in his character is “thou shall not lie.'; Marlow, after spending a little time in London, embarks on his journey. The purpose of this journey is to find Kurtz, a man who is also employed by the “Company'; --which is in the ivory business, and has its greedy hand spread over Africa like a malignant tumor (Gatten).

Guns germs and steel Essay

Jared diamond and his theory on how and the Europeans were so successful in their conquest of the incans. This was made possible due to the location of Europe. With the inventions of guns, and steel, along with being exposed to many germs before the incans. This gave the conquestidors many advantages over the inca. Once the Spanish conquered the Incas they had weapons that were unseen and unheard of to the indigenous. This was terrifying to the Inca community because they were unaware of the damage these weapons could cause and the power the Spanish had. The Spanish had been at war with the Mores for approximately 700 years. This gave them experience in fighting and also allowed them to construct the weaponry necessary for war. The Islamic were known to be the first to invent the the gun, but the Chinese invented the gunpowder. These separately were not useful, as the Chinese did not use gunpowder as a weapon. This was when the Spanish decided to combine the two and create what was k nown as the Harquebus. It was superior to any other gun known at the time. The Spanish had plenty of experience when they arrived to invade the Incas, was was not new to them. This gave them a possible advantage in weapons and fighting tactics. Since the Spanish had been at war for so long, they found the need to create more weapons, at which time the sword was invented. This was capable stabbing and slashing with great facility. The process of attempting to find the perfect sword took several hundreds of years. It was known as a family business, in which each person’s desire was to create a better sword than those by their ancestors. It was discovered that Iron infused with carbon was the perfect combination to creating a proper sword. The more carbon the harder the sword, but there must be a precise combination of sufficient flexibility and strength to the sword. The Rapier was seen to be that perfect sword, it was long sharp and strong. It not only became popular for war but also amongst gentlemen, this was the time at which it became common to wear your sword towards the side of your waist. These people were known to have descendants that were knights during the medieval times. There was a long process in Europe in attempting to create that perfect fighting weapon  which allowed to kill many in a short amount of time. Once the Rapier was introduced it gave Spain more power in weaponry, which allowed conquistadors to have an enormous advantage. During this time of exploration, slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa and Europe. These were transported in ships, at which time it was discovered that some had diseases which were easily transmitted amongst themselves. This became an epidemic that was brought to the new lands, and affected the indigenous people. Europe had previously gone through this disease, which was contracted by domestic animals. This caused many deaths, but those who survived became immune to these diseases. Once the epidemic arrived to the Americas, the indigenous became utterly ill. They unlike the Spanish, were not immune to these diseases because of their lack of domestic animals. Approximately 95% of the Inca population died. This completely destroyed their community, and allowed for the Spanish to conquer the lands easily and obtain their gold. The Inca’s numbers decreased almost immediately, which caused them to have a lack of power as well as army. This was an advantage to the Spanish which they used at their favor, taking over completely of the Incas. In conclusion the Europeans were able to conquer the incas easily because of geography and where they were located. They aquired guns first and the germs were ar ound more because of the animals they lived with and how they had many years to perfect their weapons and the steel was aquired first too.

Wrong Dreams of The Characters in Death of a Salesman essays

Wrong Dreams of The Characters in Death of a Salesman essays Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman contains many flaws in its characters. The main flaw is that the characters have wrong dreams. The wrong dreams affected some of the characters lives in bad ways. The two main characters that have wrong dreams are Willy and Biff. By both of them having wrong dreams it leads them nowhere and it causes them both to have an unsatisfying life. Willy is the character with the most wrong dreams. One of his wrong dreams is that he wants his son, Biff, to fulfill his own dream of becoming a successful business man. This might have happened if he would not have caught his dad cheating on his wife with another woman (pp.38-39). We see that Biff was affected by that incident when Bernard says to Willy Well, just that when he came back-Ill never forget this, it always mystifies me... (p.94). Another one of his wrong dreams is that he thinks hell be like Dave Singleman, a very good and popular salesman. Willy wanted to be like him because at his funeral there was so many people their including all of his buyers (p.81). This was a wrong dream for Willy because it was too late for him to achieve that and he could never be as good of a salesman or as popular as Dave Singleman because now he is too old and it is hard for him to travel, which makes it harder for him to be well known. The other character with a wrong dream is Biff. Biffs wrong dream was his dream of living up to his fathers expectations of him being a successful businessman. This was the wrong dream for him because he knew he could never live up to his fathers expectations. Biff knew he could never live of to those expectations because he still has not found him self and he is not satisfied by any job. This dream would also never happen because of Biff finding out that Willy was cheating on his wife. ...

Essay on About Quincy

Essay on About Quincy Essay on About Quincy An impresario in the broadest and most creative sense of the word, Quincy Jones’ career has encompassed the roles of composer, record producer, artist, film producer, arranger, conductor, instrumentalist, TV producer, record company executive, magazine founder, multi-media entrepreneur and humanitarian. As a master inventor of musical hybrids, he has shuffled pop, soul, hip-hop, jazz, classical, African and Brazilian music into many dazzling fusions, traversing virtually every medium, including records, live performance, movies and television. Celebrating more than 60 years performing and being involved in music, Quincy’s creative magic has spanned over six decades, beginning with the music of the post-swing era and continuing through today’s high-technology, international multi-media hybrids. In the mid-50†²s, he was the first popular conductor-arranger to record with a Fender bass. His theme from the hit TV series Ironside was the first synthesizer- based pop theme song. As the first black composer to be embraced by the Hollywood establishment in the 60†²s, he helped refresh movie music with badly needed infusions of jazz and soul. His landmark 1989 album, Back On The Block–named â€Å"Album Of The Year† at the 1990 Grammy Awards– brought such legends as Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan and Miles Davis together with Ice T, Big Daddy Kane and Melle Mel to create the first fusion of the be bop and hip hop musical traditions; while his 1993 recording of the critica lly acclaimed Miles and Quincy Live At Montreux, featured Quincy conducting Miles Davis’ live performance of the historic Gil Evans arrangements from the Miles Ahead, Porgy and Bess and Sketches of Spain sessions, garnered a Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance. As producer and conductor of the historic â€Å"We Are The World† recording (the best-selling single of all time) and Michael Jackson’s multi-platinum solo albums, Off The Wall, Bad and Thriller (the best selling album of all time, with over 50 million copies sold), Quincy Jones stands as one of the most successful and admired creative artist/executives in the entertainment world. His 1995 recording, Q’s Jook Joint, again showcased Quincy’s ability to mold the unique talents of an eclectic group of singers and musicians, in what resulted in a retrospective of his broad and diverse career from that of a seasoned Jazz musician, to skilled composer, arranger, and bandleader, to acclaimed record producer. A reference to the backwoods club houses of rural America in the 1930†²s, 40†²s, and 50†²s, the platinum selling Q’s Jook Joint featured performances by artists such as Bono, Brandy, Ray Charles, Phil Collins, Coolio, Kenny â€Å"Babyface† Edmonds, Gloria Estefan, Rachelle Ferrell, Aaron Hall, Herbie Hancock, Heavy D., Ron Isley, Chaka Khan, R. Kelly, Queen Latifah, Tone Loc, the Luniz, Brian McKnight, Melle Mel, Shaquille O’Neal, Joshua Redman, the Broadway musical troupe Stomp, SWV, Take 6, newcomer Tamia, Toots Thielemans, Mervyn Warren, Barry White, Warren Wiebe, Charlie Wilson, Nancy Wilson, Stevie Wonder, Mr. X, and Yo-Yo, among others, and garnered seven Grammy nominations. His recording, From Q, With Love, featured a collection of 26 love songs that he recorded over the last 32 years of his more than 50 year career in the music business. Named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential jazz musicians of the 20th century, Quincy Jones was born on March 14, 1933, in Chicago and brought up in Seattle. While in junior high school, he began studying trumpet and sang in a gospel quartet at age 12. His musical studies continued at the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston, where he remained until the opportunity arose to tour with Lionel Hampton’s band as a trumpeter, arranger and sometime-pianist. He moved on to New York and the musical â€Å"big leagues† in 1951, where his reputation as an arranger grew. By the mid-50†²s, he was arranging and recording for such diverse artists

Hess Law essays

Hess Law essays Hess Law:Work to be done:Find enthalpy change by measuring temperature change of a reaction. The temperature of 200ml water that I poured into the isolator was 23.0C. To that I added 1.97g solid NaOH and let the reaction take place. After a while I measured the temperature to 24.9C rT = 1.9C. The number of mole NaOH is 1.97 40 = 0.049 mol. In this experiment I used 100ml 0.50M acetic acid, and to that I added 100ml 0.50M liquid NaOH. The temperature of the acetic acid was 23C and the temperature of the NaOH was 22C. So the average, and the number I use will be 22.5C. After the reaction the temperature of the solution was 25C, so rT = 2.5C. The number of mole NaOH is 0.50 * .100 = 0.050 mol. In the third reaction I used 200ml 0.25M acetic acid with a temperature of 22.5C, that I added to 2.00g NaOH. The temperature after the reaction was 27C, so rT = 4.5C. And the number of mole NaOH in the reaction was 2.00 40 = 0.05 mol. The same amount NaOH has been used in all three reactions, and the same amount of liquid also, 200ml. In reaction two and three is also the amount acetic acid the same.I can now calculate the enthalpy changes in each case: H = c m T, and since the same mass has been used, and since I can use the same c in all three cases H = 0.84 T (c = 4.2, m = 0.200g) According to Hess Law you should be able to calculate the enthalpy change for a reaction which is the sum of two (or more) reactions with known enthalpy change, so:NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) (1) NaOH(aq) + HCl NaCl + H2O (2) NaOH(s) + HCl NaCl + H2O (3) and we can also see that rH3 - rH2 rH1 ...

AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL EDUCATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL EDUCATION - Essay Example Usage of incentives and rewards for student and teacher motivation, special programmes for backlog students and higher involvement of community and parents are also important for developing positive self concept among the aboriginal students. Research based school improvement projects like CTF (Creating The Future) developed by Northwest Regional Educational Library, U.S.A have to be implemented for better learning process in aboriginal students in Australia. The teaching process involves more flexibility while delivering the message to aboriginal students. With the change in time, the necessity of aboriginal students will vary and hence it should allow the education in more flexible manner by incorporating new principles. By adding diversified aspects like student self concept, rural and urban mix up, cultural and social aspects, effective audio-video aids, and student specific needs these strategies would certainly help the teacher of indigenous students to deliver a better job. Similarly, the encouragement given to the teachers in the form of incentives and selection of experienced and native teachers enhance the efficiency of teaching aboriginal students in Australia. Moreover, these strategies will provide a wider platform for teachers of indigenous students in understanding the needs and problems of students and formulating contextual class room teaching methods and hence they will be successful in generating positive educational e xperience among aboriginal communities in Australia. FN 1: Kathleen Cotton. 1993. Building Positive Student Self-Concept. Stevenson-Carson School District. Stevenson, Washington. North West Regional Educational Library. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/7/snap25.html. FN 2: Lester Irabinna. 2001. Rigney Building Stronger Communities: Indigenous Australian Rights In Education and Language. Voice of the

Risk & Risk Managment in ERP Systems of Microsoft dynamics GP Essay

Risk & Risk Managment in ERP Systems of Microsoft dynamics GP - Essay Example The system is beneficial to an organization because it performs a wide range of activities (Sumner, 2000). However, application and implementation of the enterprise resource planning system face various risks in organizations. Therefore, proper management of risk is vital for effective use and implementation of the ERP management system. Risk management is essential for the identification of possible risks that may affect the ERP system, strategic planning for activities with few risks and efficient mitigation of risks. The risk management process comprises of several phases as highlighted by Aloini et al. (2007). These stages include context analysis, identification of possible risks, risk analysis, risk evaluation, treatment of risk and communication and consultancy. According to Sumner (2000), there are various predominant risk factors that face organizations during the implementation and execution of activities using the enterprise resource planning system. Major risk factors identified during implementation of the ERP system include skill mix, software system design, management strategy and structure, organizational fit, user training and involvement, social commitment, project management and technology planning. Findings from research carried out on risk factors present in ERP systems reveal that organizations face several risks. The first risk factor identified is failure to redesign effectively or restructure business processes to fit the ERP software. Project managers in the organization apply their experience to avoid customization. Failure to customize of restructuring various business processes in the organization results in a conflict between the ERP system and the company. Consequently, the project executed may collapse and fail to achieve its objective. Secondly, organizations face a risk factor of having insufficient reskilling and

ART, PSYCHOLOGY & RELIGIOUS PRACTICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART, PSYCHOLOGY & RELIGIOUS PRACTICES - Essay Example In Catholicism, the Gregorian Chants are often used during Mass and other important ritual services. The Chants are some of the oldest notes of music used in religious settings, coming down from the medieval era. In the earlier days, the song was sung as often as nine times a day, though this has changed remarkably with the times. The purpose of the Gregorian Chants is to heighten the spiritual senses of the practitioners, as well as to aid them in becoming closer with their deity. The Chants allow the practitioners to calm down and to focus solely on gaining that closeness with the deity. Dancing in the Oshun Festival of the Yoruba people is more to celebrate their festival than it is to feel more connected to their deities, though dancing does serve both purposes. "Oshun-Lyalode, the Yoruba water spirit of love, marriage and gold is one of the Orixhas that form the famous seven African powers (Jemi-Alade)." As the Oshun Festival celebrates this water spirit of love and marriage, the dancing is more to honor her and the festivities than any other purpose. The dancing allows the practitioners to free their minds and their stresses, letting them to fully engage themselves in the celebrations and be open to the events that are taking place. One thing that the majority of religions and spiritual paths have in common is that they each have some method to connect themselves more with their deities, whether it be dancing, chanting, or something for them to merely look at and involve themselves in, such as the Mandala with the Buddhists. Each method has a means for the followers to feel closer to their deities, thus becoming closer to being

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics - Essay Example Riggs suggests that, through the concept of having the pro-labor practices in the company, the company has been able to ensure that all the employees are effectively involved in the undertakings of the company as well as in the decision making (54). The availability of the employees’ motivational incentives such as bonuses for the employees is what keeps the employees motives high in their duties. This usually motivates them in their positions thus enhancing the success of the company. The employees have their job secured in the company; they are always secured of retaining their positions at all the times. The job security is offered to the employees regardless of their positions in the company. Employees are also provided with a payment that is able to sustain their livelihood as it’s always above the minimum wage of the country, their payment is about double of the minimum wage of a country such as California. This is a total motivation to the employees thus improving their performance. American Apparel has gained international recognition through its loyalty to the employees, as well as the customers. Citizens all over the country value the quality clothing of the company thus creating demand for their products. Therefore, this increases the company’s profitability and enhances the company’s financial level. The company’s interrelation with the customers has promoted peoples incentives in promoting environmental conservation. The Company’s mode of advertisement has reached to the extent of becoming a sexual harassment, as argued by some of the parents. Through the use of some nude advertising pictures, the pictures are been extensive of the ethical codes that are socially expected in the country. According to a consumer’s experience, there are sexually illusive photos that are abusive to the youths. However, teenagers form the most clients

Media imperialism PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media imperialism - PowerPoint Presentation Example Media imperialism and cultural imperialism pose great negative effects not only to the local media but also the consumers of the content. The local media stand to lose since they may be swallowed or taken over by large media corporations. According to (Desai and Agrawa 2009, p. 19) cultural –media imperialism theories had predicted that the importation of television channels would lead to demise of local cultures and cultural industries without considering complex patterns of television production, distribution and consumption. Generally, a perception of cultural consequence of the control of various media products is based on a view that mass media as primarily manipulative agents capable of having direct, unmediated effects on the audience behavior and world view (Tomlinson 2002). He asserts that there are also good reasons for cultural-media imperialism especially for the Marxists in understanding domination of the media. The consumers tend to be influenced by the cultures of the dominant media. Such culture influence may be a threat to the National security of a Nation especially where the culture of terrorism is inculcated in the minds of the local consumers. In addition to this effect, the contents of the dominant media can also be biased. The media content may not capture the more pressing issues of the home country instead focus on the world news. In most cases world news coverage may not be of importance to the consumers of the home country. Such a state is dangerous to a state.

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Apparel Unwrapping Ethics - Essay Example Riggs suggests that, through the concept of having the pro-labor practices in the company, the company has been able to ensure that all the employees are effectively involved in the undertakings of the company as well as in the decision making (54). The availability of the employees’ motivational incentives such as bonuses for the employees is what keeps the employees motives high in their duties. This usually motivates them in their positions thus enhancing the success of the company. The employees have their job secured in the company; they are always secured of retaining their positions at all the times. The job security is offered to the employees regardless of their positions in the company. Employees are also provided with a payment that is able to sustain their livelihood as it’s always above the minimum wage of the country, their payment is about double of the minimum wage of a country such as California. This is a total motivation to the employees thus improving their performance. American Apparel has gained international recognition through its loyalty to the employees, as well as the customers. Citizens all over the country value the quality clothing of the company thus creating demand for their products. Therefore, this increases the company’s profitability and enhances the company’s financial level. The company’s interrelation with the customers has promoted peoples incentives in promoting environmental conservation. The Company’s mode of advertisement has reached to the extent of becoming a sexual harassment, as argued by some of the parents. Through the use of some nude advertising pictures, the pictures are been extensive of the ethical codes that are socially expected in the country. According to a consumer’s experience, there are sexually illusive photos that are abusive to the youths. However, teenagers form the most clients

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Ethics - Essay Example This is because the topic is a sensitive on among certain communities present in the campus the paper is situated. Advertisements are hypothetically expected to have a positive impact on the audience. They are also expected to be sensitive to the issues affecting the community (Sheehan 178). Therefore, it is wrong for the university to run the advertisement on holocaust. The holocaust was an infamous historical period, which affected the Jewish community in Europe adversely. Therefore, the event is bound to raise strong emotions predominantly from the Jewish community in the campus. Since the period had grave consequences for the community, there should be sensitivity when approaching the issue (Shimp 319). This is because, as a journalist, it is imperative to consider the impact of the communication on the community. Therefore, it is morally incorrect to run this advertisement judging from the reaction that may be experienced from the community. Not running the advertisement will avert eliciting negative reactions from the community (Tyagi and Kumar 328). Advertisements are powerful tools for persuading the public to adopt certain mindsets. Therefore, it is imperative that journalists appreciate the significance of these communications among the community. If this is the case, moral considerations should be key in advertisements to avoid eliciting negative reactions from the

Dehydrogenase in yeast Essay Example for Free

Dehydrogenase in yeast Essay During respiration, hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules by enzymes called dehydrogenases and passed to various chemicals called hydrogen acceptors. As the hydrogen atoms pass from one hydrogen acceptor to another, energy is made available for chemical reactions in the cell. In this way, substances such as glucose provide energy for vital reactions in living organisms. In this experiment, a dye called methylene blue acts as an artificial hydrogen acceptor. When this dye is reduced by accepting hydrogen atoms it goes colourless. (a) Place about 30 mm of yeast suspension in a test-tube and, using a test-tube holder, heat this suspension over a small Bunsen flame until the liquid boils for about half a minute. Then cool the tube under the tap. (b) Label three test-tubes 1-3. (c) Using a graduated pipette or syringe, place 2 cm3 of the boiled yeast suspension in tube 1. (d) Using the graduated pipette or syringe, draw up 4 cm3 unboiled yeast suspension and place 2 cm3 in tube 2 and 2 cm3 in tube 3. (e) Rinse the pipette or syringe and use it to place 2 cm3 distilled water in tubes 1 and 2. (f) With the pipette or syringe, place 2 cm3 1 % glucose solution in tube 3. (g) Prepare a water bath by mixing hot and cold water from the tap to obtain a temperature between 35 and 45  °C. Place all three tubes in this water bath. Rinse the pipette or syringe. (h) Copy the table given below into your notebook. (i) After 5 minutes draw up 6 cm3 methylene blue solution in the pipette or syringe and place 2 cm3 in each tube. Shake all three tubes thoroughly and return them to the water bath, noting the time as you do so. Do not shake the tubes again. (j) Watch the tubes to see how long it takes for the blue colour to disappear, leaving the creamy colour of the yeast. A thin film of blue colour at the surface of the tube may be ignored but the tubes should not be moved. Record the times in your table. (k) The experiment may be repeated by simply shaking all the tubes again until the blue colour returns. |Tube |Contents |Time for methylene blue to go colourless Experiment 14. Discussion 1 Why was distilled water added to tubes 1 and 2? 2 What causes the methylene blue solution to go colourless (according to the introduction on p. 14.01)? 3 How do you explain the results with tube 1? 4 In which of tubes 2 and 3 was the methylene blue decolourized more rapidly? How can this result be explained? 5 If the hydrogen atoms for the reduction of methylene blue come from  glucose, why should the methylene blue in tube 2 become decolourized at all? 6 What do you think would be the effect of increasing the glucose concentration in tube 3? Explain your answer. 7 How could you extend the experiment to see if enzymes in yeast are capable of reducing methylene blue? 8 Why, do you think, the colour retuned on shaking the tubes? Experiment 14. Dehydrogenase in yeast preparation Outline Methylene blue, acting as a hydrogen acceptor, is decolourized during the respiration of yeast. Addition of small amounts of substrate increases the rate of decolourization. Prior knowledge An elementary idea of respiration as a process which releases energy during the breaking down of carbohydrates; yeast is a microscopic living organism. Advance preparation and materials-per group 20% yeast suspension* 0.005% methylene blue solution+ (prepared 1~2 days ahead) 10 cm3 1 % glucose solution distilled water 10 cm3 Apparatus-per group test-tube rack and 4 test-tubes Bunsen burner 3 labels or spirit marker graduated pipette or syringe 5-10cm3 test-tube holder beaker or jar, for water to rinse pipette or syringe -per class clock Result The methylene blue: in tubes 2 and 3 should be decolourized in a few minutes with tube 3 changing first. * Add 40 g dried yeast and 0.4 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) to 200 cm3 distilled water in a tall 600 cm3 (or larger) beaker (a large jam jar will do). Cover the mouth of the container with aluminium foil and bubble air through the yeast suspension for one or two days using an aquarium aerator. Observe the suspension from time to time during the first two hours and control the air flow to prevent the yeast suspension frothing out of the jar. +Dissolve 0.05 g in 1 litre of distilled water. Methylene blue stains skin and clothing. Lab coats should be worn Experiment 14. Discussion answers 1 The addition of distilled water to tubes 1 and 2 keeps the concentration of yeast and methylene blue the same in all three tubes. 2 The methylene blue accepts hydrogen atoms removed from glucose molecules during respiration. The reduced form of methylene blue is colourless. 3 Boiling will have killed the yeast. Dead yeast is therefore incapable of carrying out one or more stages in the transfer of hydrogen from glucose to methylene blue. (A similar answer may be given in terms of enzymes.) 4 Tube 3 will probably lose its blue colour first. Presumably if the hydrogen atoms for reducing methylene blue come from glucose, additional glucose will mean that more hydrogen atoms are available and decolourization will be more rapid. 5 Respiration will continue in yeast cells, using their own carbohydrate reserves such as glycogen. 6 It might be expected that increasing the glucose concentration would increase the rate of decolourization up to the point where all the available enzyme or enzymes were being used, or where the concentration of glucose was sufficient to plasmolyse the yeast cells. 7 If enzymes (dehydrogenases) are involved, it should be possible to extract them from yeast by grinding some dried yeast with sand and distilled water, and filtering. This could be the subject of further experiment, particularly if little or none of the carbohydrate reserve in yeast comes through in the filtrate. 8 Shaking the tubes introduces more oxygen which re-oxidises the methylene blue

Examining The Effectiveness Of Accounting Systems Accounting Essay

Examining The Effectiveness Of Accounting Systems Accounting Essay The assignment begins with an attempt to find out the effective of accounting systems within a business and the analysis of management control systems of a business. Research: I used a mixture of primary and secondary research methods to complete this assignment. I have provided references at the end where necessary and used a variety of books and notes. Along with that I consulted a few websites, details are on the references. TASK 1 Introduction of accounting Accounting is all about providing financial and economic information. Accounting information is economic information, it relates to the financial or economic activities of the business. Accounting information shows the financial position of a business. This is done by the set of accounts, based on a system known as double-entry bookkeeping. One of the first complete documentation about how to keep books of accounting was written by the professor of mathematics in Rome Luca Pacioli in 1494. This documentation described the double-entry system of accounting. It was adopted and still used today around the world. Users of Accounting: there are two type of users. F:DocumentsDownloadsch1_accounting_types_users.gif http://simplestudies.com/introduction-to-accounting.html Types of accounting There are two types of accounting 1: Financial accounting Financial accounting tells us about the financial position of Business it is used to prepare financial statement. This gives all the finance related information to its users and on the basis of that information a user will be able to do comparison and analyse the position of the company and it takes part in important decision making process. 2: Management accounting On the other hand management accounts deals with the budgeting, business expenses and cost analysis it is used to make planning and control the business expenses. Accounting systems Computerised accounting system Manual accounting system These days computerised accounting system is widely used in all type of businesses. The result of this system is more convenient and accurate then manual accounting system. The question arises how this system operates, this system operates by computer software which has to install in the computer. Accounting packages softwares which is used in these days it is used to get payroll packages sales ledger purchase ledger and fixed assets. There are lots of accounting softwares are available one of the famous software name is off the shelf software it generates the document by getting commands by coding this software is very easy to use because of this software we dont need any professional accountant who set up the account it is very convenient to use one of the example of such software is sage which is very common in these days and easy to operate and it generates the accounts information by its self by coding and another kind of software is called as BESPOKE software its a customised software most of the bigger size organisations are using this software. It gives them customised entries in the books of accounts. Coding Computer operates on the bases of dose commands to performs its tasks for the accounting software coding is used to make the software more easy to use e.g. 05 for purchases 15 for interest 25 for profit and loss accounts Untitled sssss.jpg Manual accounting system Manual accounting systems are the traditional form of maintaining a businesss accounts and records this includes different steps like ledgers cash book petty cash book income statement and balance sheet which includes all the day to day transactions and sell purchase accounts this accounting system needs skills and knowledge to full fill its requirements. 1.1 Effectiveness of accounting system within a business: Information generated from the accounting system can be effective in decision making process sale and purchase of assets and in investments. Quality and benefits of accounting system is evaluated from the performance evaluation, internal control and proper records of transactions. Effectiveness of accounting information is depend on time management which have a great effect on accounting systems effectiveness, there for the accounting records should be maintain on time and with accuracy of accounting information it have a great impact on the effectiveness of accounting system. Generally accounting information system provide the information about financial position on daily and weekly basis the effectiveness of accounting system not only depend upon the propose of such system it also depend on the contingency factors ( factors like culture understanding of organisation and outer atmosphere) accounting information is said to be effective when the information is complete and according to the system users effectiveness of accounting system is subject to many researches from a long time. Accounting information is usually divided into two categories (1) the information that facilitate decision making (2) Information that influence decision making. 1.2: Accounting records All of the documents and books includes in the preparation of accounting records includes journal, ledger, trial balance, cash books, invoices or any document which help in to make accounts. In accounting records a cycle is used which is called as accounting cycle it determines the steps of financial statement. ACCOUNTING CYCLE F:DocumentsDownloadsaccounting-cycle4.jpg http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/what-is-an-accounting-cycle-and-the-steps-involved/ Purpose and use of accounting records: All accounting records are very useful and had a great value for its respective business without a proper accounting records it is very difficult to run a business successfully. The purpose of maintaining accounting records to evaluate how much capital and assets a business have and also maintain the records of creditors and debtors or buyers and sellers by the respect of that records a user can have a clear eye on the business and watch the losses and profits in the business whether the business doing well or not and on the basis of that records business can take decisions whether business have to invest or take out all the investments or run the business as it is these record help to make more accurate and satisfied decision making which help to make business more profit and also used for calculating tax liability and give the information to the investors who are willing to buy the shares of that company. Accounting concepts Accounting concepts is very important, it is used to support the application of the true and fair view, and accounting has adopted certain concepts which help to ensure that accounting information is presented accurately and consistently. (1) Going concern: it is assumed that the business entity for which accounts are being prepared is solvent and variable, and the business will continue its operations for the foreseeable future. This has important implications for the valuation of assets and liabilities. (2) Accruals concept: revenue and expenses are taken account of when they occur and not when the cash is received or paid out. (3) Prudence concept: revenue and profits are included in the balance sheet only when they are realized and liabilities are included when there is a reasonable possibility of incurring them it is also called conservation concept. Profits are not recognised until a sale has been completed. In addition, a cautious view is taken for future problems and costs of the business (they are provided for in the accounts as soon as there is a reasonable chance that such costs will be incurred in the future. (4) Consistency concept: once an entity has chosen an accounting method, it should continue to use the same method, except for a solid reason to change. Any change in the accounting method must be disclosed. Transactions and valuation methods are treated the same way from year to year, or period to period. Where accounting policies are changed, companies are required to disclose this fact and explain the impact of any change. (5) Entity concept: accounting records reflect the financial activities of a specific business or organization, and not of its owners or employees. (6) Matching concept: transactions affecting both revenues and expenses should be recognized in the same accounting period. (7) Materiality concept: relatively minor events may be ignored, but the major ones should be fully disclosed. (8) Realization concept: any change in the market value of an asset or liability is not recognized as a profit or loss until the asset is sold or the liability is paid off (discharged). (9) Money measurement concept: accounting process records only those activities that can be expressed in monetary terms (with some exceptions, as in cost-accounting). (10) Separate entity concept: Business is the separate entity from its owner. (11)Relevance concept: This implies that, to be useful, accounting information must assist a user to form, confirm or maybe revise a view usually in the context of making a decision (e.g. should I invest, should I lend money to this business? Should I work for this business?) 1.3: Factors Affecting Accounting System There are lots of factors which affect the accounting system the major factor are which affect the organisation is the (1) nature of business and (2)size of organisation and 3the structure of the organization if the organization is a multinational company then the accounting system of that organisation is on a very high level and very complex and they have separate department for all the accounting related work if a small company going to increase its size then they should have to change the accounting method and adopt the new method because of large amount of transactions are also taken place in the business on which the old method can no longer apply, and the other factor which affect the accounting system the change in IAS if in IAS some new rules are coming in then the business have to adopt that rule and adopt in the business and make there strategy according to it. 2.1: Business risk: Business risk cannot be eliminated but must be managed by companies. There are several ways to minimize the business risk by proper planning. Determining Business Risk: Developing the Business Risk Model It is important for an organization to identify the business risks that exist in the environment in which it operates. To identify those risks, organizations must look at their external environments. External business risks are economic, political, social, environmental, technological, and other external conditions. An organization cannot fully understand its business risks unless it also understands its business objectives, strategies, and processes. Interrelationships between business objectives, strategies, processes, and business risk http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub90/appendix1.html Types of risk: Operational risks: Operational risks are associated with your business operational and administrative procedures. These include: recruitment supply chain transportation accounting controls IT systems regulations board composition Business should examine these operations, prioritise the risks and make necessary provisions. Financial Risk: Financial risk is the risk made by equity holders by using of firms debt. If the company raises capital by borrowing money, I t must pay back with the interest charges. This increases the degree of uncertainty about the company and it must have enough income to pay back that amount in the future Compliance risk: Compliance risk is the possibility that the business will not comply with laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where it operates or that the organization will break any legally contract. Noncompliance can be dangerous, or it can result from being unaware or local legal requirements. Response to risk: A business can take any given risk. Accept risk: if the risk of loss is minimum then only accept the risk and carry on business according to it. Reduce risk: reducing the risk by better planning and strategies Avoid risk: do not enter into that kind of business in which there is some bigger risk Transfer risk: companies can also transfer the risk by taking insurance policy. 2.2: Describe and evaluate the control system The environment in which business operates and the system it adopts is a process, affected by an entitys board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide assurance regarding to the success of objectives in the following areas: effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting, and Compliance with applicable laws and regulations. IAS315 gives us an understanding of the entity and its environment and assessing the risk of business and control system of business. ISA identify the five elements of control system, The control environment Risk assessment Information and communication Control activities Monitoring Control environment: Control environment is that in which control system operates. Control environment is defined by the business management. Control environment forming a base for control activities, risk assessment, monitoring, awareness and action of those changed with governance and management. The control environment is the most important component because it sets the tone for the organization. Factors of the control environment include employees integrity, the organizations commitment to competence, managements philosophy and operating style, and the attention and direction of the board of directors and its audit committee. Risk assessment: Risk assessment analyse the identification, analysis, and management of uncertainty in business facing the organization. Risk assessment is relevant to the financial reporting and organization operational objectives. The management have to carry out a risk assessment from auditor which provides information with confidence that company system will not have any error in them. Information system: Information system is the system that processes the information within an organization it includes processing the information and the procedure to initiate record and report on financial statement both manual and computerised. Control activities: Control activities include the policies and procedures maintained by the management of an organization to find risk. E.g. Control activity is a policy requiring the approval by the board of directors for all purchases exceeded from an estimating amount. Control activities are the important element of internal control, this provide satisfaction to prevent wrong decision from occurring. Monitoring: Monitoring refers to the assessment of the quality of internal control. Monitoring activities provide information about potential and actual breakdowns in a control system that could make it difficult for an organization to achieve its goals. 2.3: Fraud Fraud is an intentional mistake by the management, employs or third parties for illegal financial advantages. Or if we talk about an error its an unintentional mistake. Fraud is difficult to be identifying because it is done by complete planning and care so the internal audit is conduct to detect the fraud. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRAUDS AND ERROR: The distinguishing factor between fraud and error is that action which results in a misstatement of the financial statements it is intentional or unintentional. The term fraud is a broad legal concept, but the auditor is concerned with fraud that causes a material mistake in the financial statements. ISA 240 (Redrafted) defines fraud as: An intentional act by one or more individuals among management, those charged with governance, employees, or third parties, involving the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. And SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_on_Auditing_Standards_No._99:_Consideration_of_Fraud Types of fraud: There are many types of fraud which relates to a business. Ghost employ Miscasting of payrolls, Stealing unclaimed wages, Collusion external parties Teeming and leading Altering cheques and inflating expense claim Stealing assets Issuing false creditor notes Failing to record all sales Prevention of Fraud: Fraud is preventing by implementing the rules and laws in the business some of the points are written below which is very useful for the business to prevent the business from fraud. A good internal control system Continuous supervision of all employees Surprise audit visits Through personal procedure Detection of fraud in the business: Maintaining key control procedure reduce the risk of fraud occurring and increases the risk of detection control over cash transaction are more important this is the main area in which mostly frauds are happen. Cash receipts: Keep eye on all transactions which are placing in the business. Divide the duties between different functions, in other words more than a person. There are following point which is very useful to detect the fraud. Receipts by post: Safeguard to prevent interception of mail between receipts and opening. Appoint person to supervise mails Protection of cash and cheques Control over cash sales and collection: Restriction of receipts received Evidence Clearance of cash officer and register Investigation of cash storage and surpluses Paying into bank Daily banking Make up and comparison of paying in slips and receipts Banking receipts record Condition and events: Particular financial reporting pressure in an entity; Inadequate working capital due to declining profit or too rapid expansion Increases sales on credit this area should be check to find out if anything is going wrong is that department. Unusual transaction: If unusual transaction is take place especially at year end that gives any significant effect on earnings. Complex transaction or accounting treatment. Task 3 3.1: Auditors Duties, rights and liability; What is an audit? An audit is an examination of a companys financial statements prepared by the directors of the company. Its purpose is to give the company shareholders an independent, professional and informed opinion on the financial statements: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It has been prepared according to the Companies Acts, any other relevant legislation and relevant accounting standards. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It gives a true and fair view of the condition of the company on financial statement. Who is an auditor? An auditor is an independent professional person who is qualified to audit a companys financial statements. What does an audit involve? In carrying out an audit, an auditor will usually: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify the data of the financial statements that have some errors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ check the transactions record, account balances and disclosures. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Give suggestions on companys accounting policies are reasonable. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Test that the companys internal controls are effective. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ write management letter if any problems discovered during the audit and advise on how to deal with that. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ write and issue the auditors report to the members of the company. What are the duties of auditors? Duty to provide an audit report: The main duty of auditors is to report to the shareholders on whether in their opinion the companys financial statements give a true and fair view. They may give: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A qualified opinion this says that the financial statements give a true and fair view of the companys state of affairs except for certain stated circumstances. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A disclaimer of opinion this shows that the auditor is unable to give an opinion whether the financial statements gives a true and fair view or not. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An adverse opinion it says that the financial statements do not give a true and fair view. What are the rights of auditors? Auditors have the right to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Access the books and accounts of the company and its subsidiaries; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Access information and explanations from the companys directors and employees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ be notified of company general meetings and address the meetings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ explain in general meeting the circumstances of any condition to remove them as auditor. Liabilities of auditor: Give a true and fair view on financial statement and deliver the right information to the general public and shareholders to prevent them from loss 3.2: Internal and external audit: The External Auditor: the external auditor tests the transactions record that takes part in the  financial  statements. The  internal Auditor: The internal auditor, on the other hand, deals with its major operations, risk management and internal controls.   The Main Differences There are many key differences between internal and external audit. The external auditor is an external contractor how does not belongs to the organization, company hire the he auditor for auditing firms. The external auditor seeks to provide an opinion on whether the accounts show a true and fair view. Whereas internal audit forms an opinion on the adequacy and effectiveness of systems of risk management and  internal control, many of which are outside the main  accounting  systems.   The 3 Key Models of Organization Activities Involves Internal and External Audit 3 Key Models of Organization Activities involves Internal Vs External Auditor Difference and Similarities of Internal Auditor Vs. External Auditor Here is a  list of  Internal  Audit Versus  External Audit in detail: Internal Auditor Vs External Auditor   http://accounting-financial-tax.com/2008/08/differences-and-similarities-of-internal-auditor-v-external-auditor/ 3.3: Planning of auditing In auditing of any organisation, auditor has to consider certain things before audit. First is scope In any audit should be to determine its scope and the auditors general approach. Audit strategy: Auditor has to make some strategy for the auditing and place it with auditing documents which defines the major areas on which auditor has to take extra care and the difficulties associate with audit and the auditing clients points of concerns. Documents accounting system: Auditor has to collect all those documents associated with audit e.g. financial statement, transactions record, receipts, and other related documents. Auditor need these documents to analyse it and find all the aspects of transactions to find out whether the financial statement have any error or not or is there any possibility of fraud is there or not and whether it gives a true and fair view or not. System and internal controls: At this stage the objective is to determine the flow of documents and the facts related to the documents and the operational system in the organisation. At this level auditor has to find the facts related to documents and the documents flow in the departments including sales, purchases, cash and stock and accounts personal. This is the good way to find out the rough estimate of system, after that which will be converted into formal record. Audit Risk: Just like risks in business some risks are also relates with the auditing. Audit risk is defined as: Audit risk is the risk that that auditor may give an inappropriate opinion on the financial statement Components of audit risk: Audit risk has three components: Inherent risk: Inherent risk is the risk that auditor may be misstated because of lack of knowledge and insufficient information available for it. Auditor has to use their professional practice and available knowledge about the item to asses inherent risk if no such information is available then the inherent risk is high. Control risk: Control risk is the risk that organisation control system fails to detect the material misstatement. And the financial statement do not prepare according to the IAS. Detection risk: Detection risk is the risk that auditor will fail to detect the material misstatement of accounting system. Detection risk relates to the knowledge, practice and the experience of the auditor. Materiality: Materiality is relates to the financial statement, it is an expression of the relative importance of a particular matter on the mean of financial statement as a whole or as an individual. A matter is material if its omission or misstatement could influence the economic decision of the users which basis on that financial statement. Materiality depends on the size operations of organization. ISA 320 tells the auditor to consider materiality and its relation with risk at the time of conducting an audit. 3.4: Audit testing and uses In developing overall audit plan, auditors uses five types of audit tests to find out whether financial statement are truly stated or not. Procedures to Obtain an Understanding Auditors perform this by a system called walkthrough to obtain understanding it applies on the transactions and entire process is operated like this. Tests of Controls procedure used to obtaining an understanding about internal control, it contains followings evidences Make inquires of client personal Examine documents, records and reports Observe control activities Reform client procedure Test of Control is used to determine whether the control system is effective or not and usually involves a testing of transaction. Substantive Tests of Transactions Procedures designed to test for dollar misstatements of financial statement balances. Analytical Procedures To indicate possible misstatements To reduce tests of details of balances Tests of Details of Balances Focus on ending G/L balances It is used to find out whether the balance of the financial statement is accurate. 3.5 Records Auditing process AuditProcessFlowchart.gif http://www.window.state.tx.us/taxinfo/audit/auditfun/5procedures.htm Audit test: In the large company with sophisticated internal control and low inherent risk therefore auditor perform extensive test and it relies on the client internal control to reduce substitutive test because of the emphasis on test of control and analytical procedure, this audit can be done comparable in inexpensive. This audit likely represents the mix of evidences used in integrated audit of public company financial statements and internal control over financial reporting. TASK4 4.1: Purpose of Audit Report Audit report is that report in which external auditor express their opinion about the true and fair view of the financial statement of the organisation. The audit report is published for the shareholders, management or directors and also for general public. There are two key differences between the report to shareholders and to report for the management. The shareholders report is to show whether the financial statement shows a true and fair view And the private report for the management and directors which contain comments and recommendations on the financial statement Contents of audit report: Auditor report on financial statement contains clear opinion based on the assessment of record. Audit report draw on a complete pattern which gives the clear view to its users. The main contents of audit report as follow. Untitled contents.JPG 4.2: Different qualifications in report: There are two types of reports one is unqualified or unmodified report and the second is qualified or modified report. 1: An unqualified audit report gives assurance to its users and gives true and fair of the financial statement and there is no material mistakes are in it. An unqualified report extract by laws and rule under companies act 1985. Which contain followings? Proper accounting records All information and explanations Details of directors benefits Particulars of loans and other transactions 2: Qualified report: On the qualified report auditor give two types of opinions. Matters that affect the auditors opinion Matter that do not affect the auditors opinion Matters that affect the auditors opinion Auditor may not be give appropriate opinion because of some circumstances like insufficient material of financial statement. And others factors are as follow. There is any limitation of scope in auditors work. It may be material or pervasive Disagreement with management it may be material or pervasive These two factors farther divide into two branches. A limitation of scope may lead to disclaimer of opinion. A disclaimer opinion should be expressed when the limitation of scope is so material or pervasive when auditor do not obtain any evidence related to that to express his opinion on the financial statement. Disagreement may leads to adverse opinion. It should be expressed when effect of disagreement is material and pervasive when some misleading or incomplete information in the financial statement. Matters that do not affect the auditors opinion In some circumstances auditor may give unqualified opinion because of the uncompleted information in the financial statement in this case auditor write a paragraph is called as emphasis of matter describing a fundamental uncertainty and then give an opinion on that. 4.3: Management letter: MANAGMENT LETTER The Board of Directors, ABC CO Alpha Co Limited, certified accountants 15 Essex Road 29 High Street, London, EC1N 2HB

Latvian Jews and the Holocaust :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Holocaust seemed as if it was one mans (Adolf Hitler) determination to exterminate all Jews in Europe, but in fact this is not completely true. The Holocaust was the determination of many men and woman of different backgrounds and languages. One of which is the people of Latvia. During WWI, the was was no less disruptive to the Jews than to anyone else. They were and used for both Capitalist exploitation and Communist conspiracy. During WWII they were beaten, killed, and/or imprisoned mercilessly in camps throughout Europe, not excluding the two camps in Riga, Latvia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Latvian Jews had a long history. In 1897 the census for Latvia, just before WWI, reported a combined number of about 200,000 Jews. At this point, Riga held about 33,000 Jews. Since Kurland became a duchy of Poland in the sixteenth century, Jews of Luthuanian Poland moved north. There, even though, routinely reguarded as outsiders, having to pay taxes and fees and fines, Jews prospered and expanded themselves in number. They engaged in commerce of every variety including leasing, brokering, and peddling. Jew were goldsmiths, brandy distillers, artisans, tradesmen, and even sometimes hired as tax collectors. Jews were the ceter of economic life. They controlled exports of cereal, flax, eggs, and timber. Tanneries, sawmills, and banks were often owned by Jews, even clothing factories and stores were owned and operated by mostly Jews. Most well known doctors and lawyers and entertainers were Jewish, but of the 5,921 civil servants, only 21 were Jews. Around fifty percent were involved in commerce and trade, as opposed to the one percent of Latvians. This was because most Latvians were engaged in agricultural production. Jew also lived mostly in the city and town areas and created strong Jewish communities. After WWI, when the census was done again in 1925, Latvia had only counted for 95,675 Jews, less than half of pre-WWI. Now the aggrivated nationalist mind was getting very dissoriented by what had happened after Soviet annexation, the people were seeing the Jew and Bolshevism as one and the same, and as before, estermination was the only answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The massacres of Jews began immediately after the Soviet counterattcks on June 29, 1941, before German police and officials even arrived. In Daugavpils, all Jews between the ages of sixteen to sixty were called to the down town square where they were assembled and incarcerated. At one of the main streets in Riga, Bear Slayer Street (the bear stands for the Russians) were the two Riga ghettos.

An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology :: Neurobiology Biology Health Essays

An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology It is a beautiful day outside, the person you care about just told you they feel the same way, you paid all your bills and still have money left over, and you finished all your work on time, yet you are still in a very crabby mood. Or, it is an awful day out, you just failed an exam, you have a ton of work to finish in too little time, and you were just dumped, still you have a feeling of well-being that you cannot change. We have all been there, our emotions seem to have a mind of their own and we do not know why we are feeling what we are feeling. Philosophers, psychologists, and science fiction writers have been debating the usefulness of emotions for centuries, still we continue to experience them and deal with them as part of our existence as human beings. Neurobiologists have preferred to take the tactic of looking at emotions as something we experience, thus something that should be studied. This tactic has led to some interesting evidence in terms of the usefulness of emotion in our everyday life. Some have found that experiencing the variety of feelings that we do might help in our ability to remember things and in learning about the world around us. If it is the case that emotional information does help us when we remember things and learn, then how do emotions work in the brain? There have been found to be some key structures, each playing a role in the way we experience emotions and what kind of moods are experienced. Still, with all of this information, we still have emotions that we cannot explain given our everyday experience. The increased understanding of neurobiology that we have can be used to explain why we feel what we do, even when the external world cannot. It had long been thought that any research into emotion was a waste of good research efforts. There were many reasons for this, but primarily the idea was that emotions were not scientific enough for science. As time and methods have changed, so has that attitude and now emotions are looked at with slightly more respect and less apprehension about their not being rational. (1) This change in attitude has led to people finding that emotions might actually lead to somewhat useful things. An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology :: Neurobiology Biology Health Essays An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology It is a beautiful day outside, the person you care about just told you they feel the same way, you paid all your bills and still have money left over, and you finished all your work on time, yet you are still in a very crabby mood. Or, it is an awful day out, you just failed an exam, you have a ton of work to finish in too little time, and you were just dumped, still you have a feeling of well-being that you cannot change. We have all been there, our emotions seem to have a mind of their own and we do not know why we are feeling what we are feeling. Philosophers, psychologists, and science fiction writers have been debating the usefulness of emotions for centuries, still we continue to experience them and deal with them as part of our existence as human beings. Neurobiologists have preferred to take the tactic of looking at emotions as something we experience, thus something that should be studied. This tactic has led to some interesting evidence in terms of the usefulness of emotion in our everyday life. Some have found that experiencing the variety of feelings that we do might help in our ability to remember things and in learning about the world around us. If it is the case that emotional information does help us when we remember things and learn, then how do emotions work in the brain? There have been found to be some key structures, each playing a role in the way we experience emotions and what kind of moods are experienced. Still, with all of this information, we still have emotions that we cannot explain given our everyday experience. The increased understanding of neurobiology that we have can be used to explain why we feel what we do, even when the external world cannot. It had long been thought that any research into emotion was a waste of good research efforts. There were many reasons for this, but primarily the idea was that emotions were not scientific enough for science. As time and methods have changed, so has that attitude and now emotions are looked at with slightly more respect and less apprehension about their not being rational. (1) This change in attitude has led to people finding that emotions might actually lead to somewhat useful things.

Discuss Factors That Facilitate or Impede Helping Behaviour

Discuss factors that facilitate or impede helping behaviour In this essay we will discuss what defines behaviour/ helping behaviour, the social, environmental and biological influences that affect a person’s behaviour, pro-social behaviour, and the different factors that impede helping behaviour. Also Latane and Darley’s 1968 – 1980 experiments and studies that were conducted to understand human behaviour will be discussed, as well as the Kitty Genovese incident, in order to research into why help was not shown when there were so many people around.Behaviour can be defined as the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. Behaviour can happen consciously or subconsciously, overt or covert, and can also be voluntary or involuntary to humans. Human behaviour can be common, unusual, acceptable or unacceptable. Helping behaviour refers to voluntary actions intended to help others. It is a subcategory of pro-social behaviour ; intentional act that helps or benefits another individual or group of individuals. This can be demonstrated by sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping.Altruistic behaviour is a subcategory of helping behaviour, which refers to pro-social behaviour that is carried out with the desire to benefit another without expectation of obtaining external or internal reward. According to the theory of universal egoism, people are fundamentally selfish and altruism is an impossibility, (Dovidio 1995, as cited in Gross 2001. ) However certain kinds of casual helping (McGuire, 1994) or low-cost altruism (Brown, 1986) seem to be fairly common, such as giving a stranger directions or telling them the time.Pro-social behaviour can be defined as behaviour that has positive social consequences and contributes to the physical or psychological well being of another person. It is thought that Kin Selection is a genetic response to supporting the broader gene pool. Social conditioning can also have been a cause and pro-social parents lead to pro-social children. The reciprocity norm is when help is given to those who have given help to us in the past or where people help others, knowing that one day they may want someone to help them in the same unselfish way.This can affect people’s way of helping others. As well as the social exchange theory where human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s reward and minimize one’s cost. Also the social responsibility norm is when we should help others who really need it, without regard to future exchanges. It must be remembered that a person’s mood influences whether they would help a person in need. People who are in a good mood are more likely to do good, compared with people who are feeling guilty.But – if helping is likely to spoil our good mood, we might not help (Isen, 1984. ) Although if the bad mood is guilt and helping can relieve that, we might help. Also people in small towns are more likely to help than those squashed together in cities. Humans estimate the suitability of behaviour using social norms and adjust behaviour by way of social control. In biology, psychology and sociology, social behaviour is either behaviour directed towards society or taking place in between members of the same species.Social influences are considered the most likely factor for an individual to engage in helping behaviour. Social influences can be defined as the sum of all things that may change or affect a person’s behaviour, thoughts, feelings or actions. Studies on social influences might centre on ways in which behaviour of individuals or a whole group is influenced by outside factors, a person’s outlook or simply how they appear. An example of these influences was demonstrated by Piliavin et al, 1969, when student experimenters would pretend to collapse in a subway compartment.They would fall to the floor and wait to see if they’d be helped. There wer e two conditions; some would be carrying a cane (known as the ‘lame’ condition), and others would wear a jacket which smelled very strongly of alcohol and carried a bottle in a brown paper bag (known as the ‘drunk’ condition. ) They found that help was offered much less often in the ‘drunk’ than in the ‘lame’ condition. This shows that the importance of difference is a social influence that determines whether a person helps a victim.Therefore the greater the victims’ injury, distress or disfigurement, or the more we disapprove of them or their undesirable behaviour, the more likely we are to perceive them as being different from ourselves. This makes it less likely that we would offer help. Helping behaviour can also be effected by environmental factors, for instance different areas (rural or urban areas), culture differences, simple factors such as the time of day and also time; whether a person is busy, running late or hea ding somewhere.In order to see how the cost of time would affect helping behaviour Darley and Batson, 1973 (as cited in Gross, 2001) created an experiment called, â€Å"If you need help avoid a late Samaritan. † This involved participants who were students at a theological seminary, who were instructed to present a talk in a nearby building. The students were halved; one half was told to speak about ‘The Good Samaritan’ while the other half were told to speak about jobs most enjoyed by seminary students. Then each student was told either a. He was ahead of schedule and had plenty of time, b. He was right on schedule, or . He was late. On the way to their talk, each student passed a man slumped in a doorway, coughing and groaning. The percentages offering help were 63, 45 and ten for conditions a, b and c. Ironically, the results showed that on several occasions the ‘late’ students who were giving a talk about ‘The Good Samaritan’ literal ly stepped over the victim. This study shows that the cost of time is an important influence on whether an individual chooses to help. Also many studies have found that people tend to help others during daylight when there is no threat to their safety compared with night time.Also personal factors are very strong influences on helping behaviour. The table below shows the costs of helping/ not helping in emergencies/ non-emergencies, and the likelihood/ type of intervention, as predicted by the arousal-cost-reward model (based on Piliavin et al, 1969. ) Costs of helping/not helping and likely outcome| Examples| Costs of helping are low| You’re unlikely to be injured yourself; the victim is only shocked. | Costs of helping are high| You’d feel guilty; other people would blame you. | Likelihood of intervention very high – and direct| |Costs of helping are high| You don’t like the sight of blood; you’re unsure what to do. | Costs of helping are high| I t’s an emergency; the victim could die. | Likelihood of intervention fairly high – but indirect| Call for ambulance/police or ask another bystander to assist| Or redefine the situation| Ignore the victim and/ or leave the scene| Costs of helping are high| â€Å"This drunk could turn violent or throw up over me†| Costs of helping are low| â€Å"Who’d blame me for not helping? †| Likelihood of intervention very low| Bystander may well turn away, change seats, walk away etc. Costs of helping are low| â€Å"It wouldn’t hurt to help this blind man cross the road. †| Costs of helping are low| â€Å"He seems capable of looking after himself; there’s very little traffic on the road. | Likelihood of intervention fairly high| Bystanders will vary, according to individual differences and how they perceive the norms operating in the particular situation. | Biological influences are factors concerning human instincts such as self preservat ion and survival. These influences are difficult to ignore because human instinct is to keep a person safe and out of harm’s way.Therefore there is more likelihood of helping a victim if there is no threat to the helper’s safety. But safety cannot be guaranteed and results in individuals not helping. Campbell and Church, 1969, as cited in Gross 2001, believed that punishment is a stronger influence on behaviour compared with Skinner’s belief that reinforcement is a stronger influence. In March 1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked in a Queens’s parking lot at 3am. Thirty eight people were reported who watched from their windows, while she was beaten and stabbed to death over a half hour period.Not one bystander called the police until the attacker had fled. This incident raised much concern into why nobody helped. This led Latane and Darley, together with findings from their laboratory studies, to introduce the concept of the ‘unresponsive bystanderâ₠¬â„¢ or ‘bystander apathy’ to represent people’s typically uncaring attitude towards others in need of help. The American media thought it was remarkable that out of the thirty eight witnesses not one did anything to help, Latane and Darley believed that it was precisely because there were so many, Kitty Genovese was not helped.In result to this incident Latane and Darley researched into how the number of bystanders would affect helping behaviour. They found that 90% of the time, a lone bystander was more likely to help than when many people were around. One study was confederates would drop pencils or coins in an elevator and would see if people would help them pick it up. The results were, if only one person was in the elevator, the confederate received help 40% of the time. Only this figure dropped to 20% when six other people were in the elevator. The question â€Å"Why does more people = less help? † is answered with three factors.The first factor is noticing. Another of Latane and Darley’s studies shows that any given bystander is less likely to notice the incident as the number of bystanders increase. For example, their 1970 experiment was having men fill out a survey by themselves or in a group. Whilst they completed their survey, smoke would start pouring into the room through a vent. After four minutes of smoke, 75% of subjects who were alone reported the smoke to the researcher, while only 12% of the subjects in the group reported it. This supports there theory of â€Å"more people = less help. † The second factor is interpretation.This means the more people that are around, the less likely any will interpret the situation as an emergency. In the smoke experiment, only 3 of 8 groups reported the smoke. Humans use other people’s behaviour to help measure what the reality of the situation is. The third factor is responsibility. In 1968, Latane and Darley produced another study. Subjects were told they we re supposed to discuss problems with University Life. Each subject was put into separate rooms and was told to talk over the intercom. They were also told that no one would be listening to their conversations.During the discussion, one of the ‘subjects’ began having an epileptic fit and pleaded for help. When the subjects believed they were the only other person in the discussion, 85% left the room to help. However when subjects believed that there were four other people having the discussion, only 31% went to help. This again supports the notion of ‘more people = less help. ’ As cited in R. Gross 2001, Psychology, The Science of Mind and Behaviour, according to Latane and Darley’s 1970 decision model, before someone helps another, that person must: * Notice that something is wrong, * Define it as a situation requiring help, Decide whether to take personal responsibility, * Decide what kind of help to give, * Implement the decision to intervene. This symbolizes a logical sequence of steps, showing that a negative response at any one step means that the bystander won’t intervene. (See appendix 1 for Decision Model. ) In conclusion, helping in the form of pro-social behaviour has been studied largely in the form of bystander intervention. The murder of Kitty Genovese, together with early laboratory experiments by Latane and Darley supports the notions that when there are more people around, help is less likely to be given.Also that there are many influences that affect helping behaviour, whether it is biological, environmental or social. Nevertheless, altruism is definitely not impossible and humans are not fundamentally selfish. Future research should look into whether gender affects helping behaviour or age, for example, is an adult between 21-30 more prone to help someone rather than a teenager.

How Sustainable Is A Wind Energy System Environmental Sciences Essay

A The literary significance of sustainability derived from the Latin word which means maintain or support. However, since 1980, sustainability has been used for environment and development related to environment. With the progress of engineering, human lives become more mechanised and modern. In this modern universe we depend on more in engineering than earlier, so more energy is required for our modernised society. To carry through our demands we burn fuel which we get from the natural reservoir. By firing this natural fuel non merely we destroy our natural resources, but besides we increase the C emanation in the environment. The simple definition â€Å" sustainability is bettering the quality of human life while populating within the transporting capacity of back uping eco-systems † , ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development ) . â€Å" a sustainable planetary society founded on regard for nature, cosmopolitan human rights, economic justness, and a civilization of peace. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthcharterinaction.org/content/ ) Ethical issueA I choose I chose wind energy systems: is a sustainable and renewable energy which is produced from air current. This sustainable or renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources: air current energy is one of the illustrations of sustainable energy. Wind energy is pollution free, sustainable signifier of energy which can assist us to cut down the traditional dodo based power coevals. Many industrialised states such as US, Canada recognised that air current energy is a lasting, sustainable economic and environmentally friendly, which secured energy monetary value and supply. Wind energy is a green energy which supports long term energy supply to our environment from renewable resources. Wind energy systems Using air current energy system to bring forth power is advantageous in many facets. On the other manus if fossil fuel is used as an energy beginning, it increases the carbon-di- oxide degree in the air and it is dearly-won. Wind energy is pollution free, sustainable signifier of energy which can cut down the traditional dodo fuel energy coevals. If we continue to bring forth the energy by firing the dodo fuel, there will be singular impact and alterations in the environment such as planetary heating, utmost conditions events ( such as inordinate inundation, draught etc ) , and atmospheric instability. Air pollution To bring forth air current energy, there is no demand of any signifier of fuel. Wind turbines are acquiring powered by air current, so wind energy green goodss zero emanation to the environment. Fossil fuel contributes to bring forth acerb rain, smog and every bit good as clime alteration. Harmonizing to western air current energy, â€Å" Using air current to bring forth adequate power for over 200 places ( 2,000,000 kWh ) of electricity alternatively of firing coal will go forth 900,000 kgs of coal in the land and cut down one-year nursery gas emanations by 2,000 metric tons. This is tantamount to taking 417 autos off the route or seting 10,000 trees. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.westernwindenergy.com/s/Environment.asp ) Huge sum of green house gas emanation resulted acid rain which destroyed workss, aquatic environment, edifices etc. the chief causes for acerb rain is inordinate sum of sulphur-nitrogen compounds present in the air. These harmful sulphur-nitrogen compounds produced from mills, emanations from motor vehicles and from electricity coevals. Coal power works is the most unsafe agent of bring forthing green house gas. The green house gas from coal power works can go thousand of kilometers before it produce acerb rain. So it polluted our air non merely the mill environing but besides affect nearby state. There is no uncertainty that production of energy by fossil fuel is harm to our environment and life. Furthermore, during geographic expedition, transit, extraction of resources besides effects the environment. Lay waste toing consequence on Marine ecology and on wild life during transit of oil is already good known to everyone. So, this is the clip to switch to utilize alternate energy beginnings that is wind energy. By utilizing air current energy to bring forth power we can maintain the environment clean for our following coevals. Water From the American Wind Energy Association web site, it is found that little sum of H2O required comparison to coal works. â€Å" A typical coal works consumes about 0.49 gallons ( 1.90 liters ) * and an oil works consumes about 0.43 gallons ( 1.60 liters ) of pure H2O per kilowatt hr produced. Relatively, wind energy requires 0.001 gallons ( 0.004 liters ) * per kWh, this H2O is used to clean the turbine rotor blades when rainfall is deficient to unclutter off dust and insect build-up which would deform the form of the aerofoil and degrade public presentation. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.awea.org/ ) Cost effectual -to green goods air current energy Producing air current energy is besides sustainable for environment and strong economic system. Global heating and contaminated environment impact the economic system in many ways. These are as follows: The US spends more than $ 20 billion a twelvemonth on lung-related unwellnesss associated with debauched air quality due to fossil-based power coevals. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.westernwindenergy.com/s/Environment.asp ) Hurricane, inundation harm 100s of house, destroys many lives. Pollution from fossil fuel destroys many marine lives such as fish, H2O works. Green house gases bit by bit increase the mean temperature in the Earth. It besides altering the conditions form in the universe, as a consequence we have flood, cyclone, and tsunami really often now a twenty-four hours. Childs are enduring lung disease which diseases create from air pollution. Low birth weight, premature birth and infant deceases besides result of smog. Lake H2O besides contaminated by quicksilver, a toxic heavy metal. However, wind power workss besides have some inauspicious consequence to the environment but the effects are much lower than fossil fuel energy.AFact and recommendations Energy is required in every facet from our day-to-day life to industrial intents. We should travel to utilize air current energy to bring forth power which is more sustainable. We need to believe about this alternate energy resources to carry through our demands while continuing the environments to maintain the environment clean for our future coevalss. Fig 1: adapted from wikipedia ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development ) Following are the recommendation to diminish the environmental pollution and move to utilize green energy that is wind energy: Production of energy utilizing renewable beginnings that is wind energy which led to cut down the green house gas emanation to the environment. Increase the environmental and ethical consciousness of the people to switch to green power. Environmental consciousness can be done by advertise the inauspicious consequence of dodo fuel energy. Mutuality regulations are required to maintain the environment clean. Government of different developed states need to hold to bring forth green energy by utilizing air current energy system. Merely few states now a twenty-four hours bring forth energy from wind energy systems. As green house gas can go few 100s of stat mis, it can impact many life every bit good destroy the ecological rhythm. Finally, its clip to travel air current energy system to bring forth power for the industrialised universe. Decision The chief intent to utilize weave energy system is to maintain clean our environment for the following coevals. The concluding end of utilizing air current energy is the manner to bring forth energy in a sustainable manner. Using air current energy to bring forth power non merely sustainable for the environment but besides economically feasible. Our nonsubjective, at this clip, is to impel the company into a outstanding market place. In this century, around the universe terrible emphasis is noticed in every sector either economic or environmental. Increase in Population is besides a large issue of this emphasis. Energy ingestion additions quickly with the addition of population. Peoples are non taken attention of their environment at good. To carry through the energy demand we destroy our environment but we besides destruct our life and sustainability of environment and economic system in this universe. Now is the clip to take attention of our life and environment by utilizing alternate air current energy systems to bring forth energy and power for our day-to-day life and for our industrialised society.